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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Equatorial_Guinea
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Country in W central Africa, bounded N by
Cameroon, E and S by Gabon, and W by the
Atlantic Ocean; also several small islands
off the coast and the larger island of Bioko
off the coast of Cameroon. government The
1973 constitution was suspended in a military
coup 1979, after which a supreme military
council ruled by decree. In 1982 a new
constitution was approved by referendum,
providing for a president and a house of
representatives of the people, elected by
universal suffrage for a five-year term. The
house of representatives sat for the first
time 1983, its 41 members all nominated by
the president and elected unopposed. The
president governs with the supreme military
council and a transition to civil,
constitutional government is promised. All
political parties have been banned. history
Reached by Portuguese explorers 1472, Bioko
was ceded to Spain 1778. The mainland
territory of Rio Muni (now Mbini) came under
Spanish rule 1885, the whole colony being
known as Spanish Guinea. From 1959 the
territory was a Spanish Overseas Province,
with internal autonomy from 1963. After 190
years of Spanish rule, Equatorial Guinea
became fully independent 1968, with Francisco
Macias Nguema as president with a coalition
government. In 1970 he banned all political
parties and replaced them with one, the
United National Party (PUN). Two years later
he declared himself president-for-life and
established a dictatorship, controlling press
and radio, and forbidding citizens to leave
the country. There were many arrests and
executions 1976-77. He also established close
relations with the Soviet bloc. In 1975 he
was overthrown in a coup by his nephew,
Colonel Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, with
at least the tacit approval of Spain. Macias
was tried and executed. Obiang expelled the
Soviet advisers and technicians, and renewed
economic and political ties with Spain. He
banned PUN and other political parties and
ruled through a supreme military council.
Coups against him 1981 and 1983 were
unsuccessful. In 1982 a new constitution
promised a return to civilian rule.